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THE experiments of Cope & Marks [1934] were the first to demonstrate that the injection of a crude anterior pituitary extract into a normal rabbit can induce complete insensitivity to the hypoglycaemic action of insulin administered many hours after the last injection of pituitary extract. In the experiments of these authors the blood sugar level of the treated rabbit was seldom significantly affected by the injections of the anterior pituitary preparation alone, and the " anti-insulin " activity of the extracts was therefore not due to a " diabetogenic " action. For the purpose of convenience the name "glycotropic factor" was suggested [Young, 1936, 1] for the anterior pituitary substance which induces insulin insensitivity without itself causing a rise of blood sugar level. Investigation showed [Young, 1936, 1] that the glycotropic factor was present in preparations of prolactin obtained by the method of Riddle et at. [1933], a fact which appeared to be of significance with respect to the action of anterior pituitary preparations on milk secretion [Young, 1936, 1, 2]. Subsequent observations [Young, 1937, 1; 1938] showed that prolactin and the glycotropic substance are not identical. The evidence presented in support of this differentiation, although conclusive, has previously been described only briefly, and it is one purpose of the present communication to supplement the description of the earlier work and to present further evidence that prolactin and the glycotropic factor are not identical. The results of experiments on the influence of the administration of anterior lobe extracts on the hyperglycaemic action of injected adrenaline and on sugar tolerance are also recorded in the present paper, and the significance of the results obtained is discussed with respect to the mechanism of action of the glycotropic substance. EXPERIMENTAL

The identity and mechanism of action of the glycotropic (anti-insulin) substance of the anterior pituitary gland