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IT has been shown in a previous paper [McFarlane, 1935] that the diagrams which are obtained in the refractive index method of following protein sedimentation in the ultracentrifuge are capable of yielding a great deal of valuable qualitative and quantitative information relating to the composition of the protein solution in the centrifuge cell. In particular, they are capable of giving the concentration of each molecular fraction which separates in the centrifugal field and an estimate of the relative degree of dimensional homogeneity of the constituent molecules of each fraction. In the work to be reported here we have obtained the sedimentation diagrams for various sera and have attempted to establish the following general points: (1) the extent to which the ultracentrifugal sedimentation diagram is a strictly reproducible characteristic of a serum; (2) the nature and extent of any changes in the diagram caused by treating the serum in various ways; (3) whether the serum from a series of members of the same species gives the same sedimentation diagram; and (4) to what extent the serum diagram of normal members of different species is the same. It is to be emphasised at the outset that the work which will be reported is essentially of the nature of a general survey of this new field of investigation, the object being more to discover the possibilities of the field as a whole than to establish any particular points in great detail. Since each complete ultracentrifugal experiment takes some considerable time it has been necessary throughout to minimise the number of experiments. The evidence in regard to (1) is, therefore, largely obtained incidentally in the experiments designed to investigate (2) and (3). We have used cow serum in investigating the effect of treatment on the same sample of a serum because a large quantity was readily available to cover all the experiments. It was more convenient, and also of greater interest, to use human serum in investigating (3), and for the species comparison in (4) we have used human, cow and horse sera. It is necessary to refer the reader to the previous paper [1935] for a full description of the theory and technique of an ultracentrifuge experiment and for the details of the methods of calculating the results. We shall require in the present communication to refer frequently to that paper.

The ultracentrifugal protein sedimentation diagram of normal human, cow and horse serum