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As an analogue to electrical diode, a radiative thermal diode allowsradiation to transfer more efficiently in one direction than in the oppositedirection by operating in a contactless mode. In this study, we demonstratedthat, within the framework of three-body photon thermal tunneling, therectification performance of three-body radiative diode can be greatly improvedby bringing graphene into the system. The system is composed of three parallelslabs, with the hot and cold terminals of the diode coated with graphene films,and the intermediate body made of vanadium dioxide (VO2). The rectificationfactor of the proposed radiative thermal diode reaches 300 % with a 350 nmseparation distance between the hot and cold terminals of the diode. With thehelp of graphene, the rectification performance of the radiative thermal diodecan be improved by over 11 times. By analyzing the spectral heat flux andenergy transmission coefficients, it was found that the improved performance isprimarily attributed to the surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) of graphene. Theyexcite the modes of insulating VO2 in the forward-biased scenario by formingstrongly coupled modes between graphene and VO2, and thus dramatically enhancethe heat flux. While, for the reverse-biased scenario, the VO2 is at itsmetallic state and thus graphene SPPs cannot work by three-body photon thermaltunneling. Furthermore, the improvement was also investigated for differentchemical potentials of graphene, and geometric parameters of the three-bodysystem. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of using thermal-photon-basedlogical circuits, creating radiation-based communication technology, andimplementing thermal management approaches at the nanoscale.

Performance improvement of three-body radiative diode driven by graphene surface plasmon polaritons