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In the agricultural domain, chemical pesticides are repetitively and harshly used to kill harmful pests, but they often pose a serious threat to microbial diversity, soil fertility and agricultural output. To deal with these problems, pesticide-tolerant plant growth promoting (PGP) rhizobacterial strains are often used to combat pesticidal toxicity. Here, Pseudomonas sp. PGR-11 (accession no. OM348534), recovered from a Vigna radiata (L.) rhizosphere, produced various growth regulating (GR) substances, including indole-3-acetic acid (IAA; 82.5 ± 9.2 μg mL -1 ), enzyme 1-aminocyclopropane 1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase (μM α-ketobutyrate mg -1 protein h -1 ), siderophores and ammonia. Strain PGR-11 grew well when cultured in growth medium with added metalaxyl (MTXL; 1200 μg mL -1 ), carbendazim (CBZM; 800 μg mL -1 ) and tebuconazole (TBZL; 1600 μg mL -1 ). Pseudomonas sp. synthesized PGP substances even in the presence of increasing doses of pesticides. The phytotoxicity of the tested pesticides was assessed both in vitro and under pot-house conditions using a Vigna radiata (L.) crop. Increasing concentrations of chemical pesticides negatively impacted the growth, physiological and biochemical features. However, pesticide-tolerant Pseudomonas sp. relieved the toxicity and improved the biological attributes of the plant. Bio-inoculated plants showed significant enhancement in germination attributes, dry biomass, symbiotic features and yield features when compared to un-inoculated ones. Furthermore, with 100 μg metalaxyl kg -1 soil, strain PGR-11 increased the chl-a, chl-b, total chlorophyll, carotenoids, SPAD index, photosystem efficiency (Fv/Fm), PSII quantum yield (FPSII), photochemical quenching (qP) and non-photochemical quenching (NpQ) content by 12, 19, 16, 27, 34, 41, 26, 29 and 33%, respectively, over un-inoculated but pesticide-treated plants. Additionally, inoculation of Pseudomonas sp. with 100 μg tebuconazole kg -1 soil caused a significant ( p ≤ 0.05) enhancement in transpiration rate ( E ), stomatal conductance ( g  s ), photosynthetic rate ( P  N ), vapor pressure deficit (kPa) and internal CO 2 concentration ( C  i ) of 19, 26, 23, 28 and 34%, respectively. Conclusively, the power to tolerate abnormally high pesticide concentration, the capacity to produce/secrete PGP substances even in a pesticide-stressed medium and the potential for improving/increasing the growth and physiology of plants by pesticide detoxification makes Pseudomonas sp. PGR-11 a fascinating choice for augmenting the productivity of V. radiata (L.) even in pesticide-stressed soils. The current findings will be helpful for exploring pesticide-tolerant ACC-deaminase-positive microbial strains as gifted entities for the environmental bioremediation of pesticides.

rsc advances

Unraveling the potential of pesticide-tolerant <i>Pseudomonas</i> sp. augmenting biological and physiological attributes of <i>Vigna radiata</i> (L.) under pesticide stress

Unraveling the potential of pesticide-tolerant Pseudomonas sp. augmenting biological and physiological attributes of Vigna radiata (L.) under pesticide stress