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We have demonstrated microwave-assisted coherent control of ultracold$^{85}$Rb$^{133}$Cs molecules with a ladder-type configuration of rotationalstates. A probe microwave (MW) field is used to couple a lower state$X^1\Sigma^+(v=0, J=1)$ and a middle state $X^1\Sigma^+(v=0, J=2)$, while acontrol MW field couples the middle state and a upper state $X^1\Sigma^+(v=0,J=3)$. In the presence of the control field, the population of middlerotational states, $X^1\Sigma^+(v=0, J=2)$, can be reduced by a control MWfield. Broadening of spectral splitting and shift of central frequency in thiscoherent spectrum are observed to be dependent on Rabi frequency of the controlMW field. Applying Akaike's information criterion, we conclude that ourobserved coherent spectra happen through the crossover range ofelectromagnetically induced transparency and Aulter-Townes splitting as Rabifrequency of control field increases. Our work is a significant development inmicrowave-assisted quantum control of ultracold polar molecules with multilevelconfiguration, and also offers a great potential in quantum information basedon ultracold molecules.

Microwave-assisted coherent control of ultracold polar molecules with a ladder-type rotational states