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During the morphogenesis of tissues and tumors, cells often interact withneighbors with different mechanical properties, but the understanding of itsrole is lacking. We use active Brownian Dynamics simulations to study a modelco-culture consisting of two types of cells with the same size andself-propulsion speed, but different mechanical stiffness and cell-celladhesion. As time evolves, the system phase separates out into clusters withdistinct morphologies and transport properties for the two cell types. Thedensity structure functions and the growth of cell clusters deviate frombehavior characteristic of the phase separation in binary fluids. Our resultscapture emergent structure and motility previously observed in co-cultureexperiments and provide mechanistic insights into intercellular phaseseparation during development and disease.

Differences in mechanical properties lead to anomalous phase separation in a model cell co-culture