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Small scale contact between a soft, liquid-coated layer and a stiff surfaceis common in many situations, from synovial fluid on articular cartilage toadhesives in humid environments. Moreover, many model studies on soft adhesivecontacts are conducted with soft silicone elastomers, which possessuncrosslinked liquid molecules (i.e. silicone oil) when the modulus is low. Weinvestigate how the thickness of a silicone oil layer on a soft substraterelates to the indentation depth of glass microspheres in contact withcrosslinked PDMS, which have a modulus of <10 kPa. The particles indent intothe underlying substrate more as a function of decreasing oil layer thickness.This is due to the presence of the liquid layer at the surface that causescapillary forces to push down on the particle. A simple model that balances thecapillary force of the oil layer and the particle-substrate adhesion with theelastic and surface tension forces from the substrate is proposed to predictthe particle indentation depth.

Capillary-driven indentation of a microparticle into a soft, oil-coated substrate