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Two isomers of metallofullerene Dy 2 S@C 82  with sulfur-bridged Dy ions exhibit broad magnetic hysteresis with sharp steps at sub-Kelvin temperature. Analysis of the level crossing events for different orientations of a magnetic field showed that even in powder samples, the hysteresis steps caused by quantum tunneling of magnetization can provide precise information on the strength of intramolecular Dy⋯Dy inter-actions. A comparison of different methods to determine the energy difference between ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic states showed that sub-Kelvin hysteresis gives the most robust and reliable values. The ground state in Dy 2 S@C 82  has ferromagnetic coupling of Dy magnetic moments, whereas the state with antiferromagnetic coupling in  C   s  and  C   3v  cage isomers is 10.7 and 5.1 cm −1  higher, respectively. The value for the  C   s  isomer is among the highest found in metallofullerenes and is considerably larger than that reported in non-fullerene dinuclear molecular magnets. Magnetization relaxation times measured in zero magnetic field at sub-Kelvin temperatures tend to level off near 900 and 3200 s in  C   s  and  C   3v  isomers. These times correspond to the quantum tunneling relaxation mechanism, in which the whole magnetic moment of the Dy 2 S@C 82  molecule flips at once as a single entity.

Magnetic hysteresis and strong ferromagnetic coupling of sulfur-bridged Dy ions in clusterfullerene Dy2S@C82

Magnetic hysteresis and strong ferromagnetic coupling of sulfur-bridged Dy ions in clusterfullerene Dy₂S@C₈₂