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Precise control of lattice mismatch accommodation and cation interdiffusionacross the interface is critical to modulate correlated functionalities inepitaxial heterostructures, particularly when the interface composition ispositioned near a compositional phase transition boundary. Here we selectLa1-xSrxMnO3 (LSMO) as a prototypical phase transition material and establishvertical epitaxial interfaces with NiO to explore the strong interplay betweenstrain accommodation, stoichiometry modification, and localized electrontransport across the interface. It is found that localized stoichiometrymodification overcomes the plaguing dead layer problem in LSMO and leads tostrongly directional conductivity, as manifested by more than three orders ofmagnitude difference between out-of-plane to in-plane conductivity.Comprehensive structural characterization and transport measurements revealthat this emerging behavior is related to a compositional change produced bydirectional cation diffusion that pushes the LSMO phase transition frominsulating into metallic within an ultrathin interface region. This studyexplores the nature of unusual electric conductivity at vertical epitaxialinterfaces and establishes an effective route for engineering nanoscaleelectron transport for oxide electronics.

Unusual Electrical Conductivity Driven by Localized Stoichiometry Modification at Vertical Epitaxial Interfaces