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A barrier to realizing the potential of molecules for quantum informationscience applications is a lack of high-fidelity, single-molecule imagingtechniques. Here, we present and theoretically analyze a general scheme fordispersive imaging of electronic ground-state molecules. Our technique relieson the intrinsic anisotropy of excited molecular rotational states to generateoptical birefringence, which can be detected through polarization rotation ofan off-resonant probe laser beam. Using \narb and \rbcs as examples, weconstruct a formalism for choosing the molecular state to be imaged and theexcited electronic states involved in off-resonant coupling. Our proposalestablishes the relevant parameters for achieving degree-level polarizationrotations for bulk molecular gases, thus enabling high-fidelity nondestructiveimaging. We additionally outline requirements for the high-fidelity imaging ofindividually trapped molecules.

Nondestructive dispersive imaging of rotationally excited ultracold molecules