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We use continuum simulations to study the impact of anisotropic hydrodynamicfriction on the emergent flows of active nematics. We show that, depending onwhether the active particles align with or tumble in their collectivelyself-induced flows, anisotropic friction can result in markedly differentpatterns of motion. In a flow-aligning regime and at high anisotropic friction,the otherwise chaotic flows are streamlined into flow lanes with alternatingdirections, reproducing the experimental laning state that has been obtained byinterfacing microtubule-motor protein mixtures with smectic liquid crystals.Within a flow-tumbling regime, however, we find that no such laning state ispossible. Instead, the synergistic effects of friction anisotropy and flowtumbling can lead to the emergence of bound pairs of topological defects thatalign at an angle to the easy flow direction and navigate together throughoutthe domain. In addition to confirming the mechanism behind the laning statesobserved in experiments, our findings emphasise the role of the flow aligningparameter in the dynamics of active nematics.

Active nematics with anisotropic friction: the decisive role of the flow aligning parameter