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Sm-promoted FeMn catalysts were prepared by the co-precipitation method and characterized by N 2 adsorption, XRD, CO-TPD, H 2 -TPD, CO 2 -TPD, H 2 -TPR, XPS and MES. It was found that compared with the un-promoted catalyst, when Sm was added at a proper content, the catalyst showed a larger BET surface area and promoted the formation of iron particles with a smaller size. The presence of Sm could increase the surface charge density of iron, which enhanced the Fe-C bond and promoted the stability and amount of CO dissociated adsorption, as confirmed by XPS and CO-TPD. Furthermore, according to MES, Sm could promote the formation of Fe 5 C 2 , which was the active phase of FTS. In addition, Sm could also enhance the basicity of the catalysts and suppress the H 2 adsorption capacity, which inhibited the hydrogenation reaction and the conversion of olefins to paraffins, as verified by the results of CO 2 -TPD and H 2 -TPD. According to the FTS performance results, compared with the observations for the un-promoted catalysts, when the molar ratio of Sm to Fe was 1%, the CO conversion increased from 63.4% to 70.4%, the sum of light olefins in the product distribution increased from 26.6% to 32.6, and the ratio of olefins to paraffins increased to 4.18 from 4.09.

Effects of Sm on Fe–Mn catalysts for Fischer–Tropsch synthesis