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Although the electrospinning method has been developed to prepare nanofibrous scaffolds, their isotropic structure, low porosity and small pore size prevents them from wide application, especially for anisotropic tissues. In this study, a modified electrospinning receiving system with a rotating mandrel and a water bath is developed. Compared with the nanofibrous scaffold prepared by the common electrospinning system, the micro/nanofibrous polylactide/polycaprolactone (PLA/PCL) hybrid scaffold obtained with the modified system presents anisotropic structure, promotes porosity and enlarged pore size. The hybrid scaffold consists of oriented microfibers and random nanofibers. SEM images demonstrate its anisotropic 3D structure. Tensile testing results confirm that the hybrid scaffold has anisotropic mechanical properties. Compared with the nanofibrous scaffold, human osteoblast-like MG-63 cells protrude more on the surface of the hybrid scaffold. Actin fluorescence staining confirms that the cells form more actin filaments inside the hybrid scaffold. HE staining indicates that more cells enter the interior of the micro/nanofibrous hybrid scaffold. The CCK-8 activity test shows an enhanced proliferation activity of cells on the surface of the hybrid scaffold. In conclusion, the novel micro/nanofibrous hybrid scaffold has an anisotropic structure and better biocompatibility than common nanofibrous scaffolds, indicating a promising future for use in anisotropic tissue engineering.

An anisotropic three-dimensional electrospun micro/nanofibrous hybrid PLA/PCL scaffold