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We have analyzed the expressed manifestation of the anisotropy of surfaceenergy density in the dynamics of ultrathin nanowires, which break up intodisjointed clusters when annealed below their melting temperature. The breakupprocess is studied for different temperatures and orientations of the nanowireaxis relative to its internal crystal structure using the Monte Carlo kineticmethod. We have also presented an approximate analytical model of theinstability of nanowires. Generally, the interpretation of experimental resultsrefers to the theoretical model developed by Nichols and Mullins, which isbased on conceptions about the Rayleigh instability of liquid jets. In bothcases, the theories - which do not take into account the anisotropy of surfaceenergy density - predict the breakup of a nanowire/liquid jet with radius rinto fragments with an average length {\Lambda}=9r. However, the observedvalue, {\Lambda}/r, often deviates from 9 either to lower values or tosubstantially greater ones (up to 24-30). Our results explain various observedfeatures of the breakup and the significant variations in the values of itsparameter {\Lambda}/r depending on experimental conditions. In particular, theambiguous role of exchange by atoms of the surface of a nanowire with thesurrounding layer of free atoms formed as a result of their rather intensivesublimation, which occurs in a number of cases, has been investigated. We haveshown that this exchange can lead both to a decrease, and to a significantincrease, in the parameter {\Lambda}/r. The obtained results could bepotentially useful in applications such as the development of opticalwaveguides based on ordered nanoparticles chains.

Diversity of anisotropy effects in the breakup of metallic FCC nanowires into ordered nanodroplet chains