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We revisit the charge-regulation mechanism of macro-ions and apply it tomobile macro-ions in a bathing salt solution. In particular, we examine theeffects of correlation between various adsorption/desorption sites and analyzethe collective behavior in terms of the solution effective screeningproperties. We show that such a behavior can be quantified in terms of thecharge {\em asymmetry} of the macro-ions, defined by their preference for anon-zero effective charge, and their {\em donor/acceptor} propensity forexchanging salt ions with the bathing solution. Asymmetric macro-ions tend toincrease the screening, while symmetric macro-ions can in some cases decreaseit. Macro-ions that are classified as donors display a rather regular behavior,while those that behave as acceptors exhibit an anomalous non-monotonic Debyelength. The screening properties, in their turn, engender importantmodifications to the disjoining pressure between two charged surfaces. Ourfindings are in particular relevant for solutions of proteins, whose exposedamino acids can undergo charge dissociation/association processes to/from thebathing solution, and can be considered as a solution of charged regulatedmacro-ions, as analyzed here.

Charge Regulating Macro-ions in Salt Solutions: Screening Properties and Electrostatic Interactions