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To improve the flame retardancy of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fabric, glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) was firstly grafted onto the surface of PAN fabric. Then, the GMA grafted PAN fabric (PAN-g-GMA) was chemically modified with hydrazine hydrate and phosphorus acid in sequence to obtain ammoniated PAN-g-GMA fabric (Am-PAN-g-GMA) and flame retardant PAN fabric (FR-PAN), respectively. The structures, thermal properties and combustion characteristics of the samples were researched in detail. The results indicate that the fire retardant PAN fabric has good char-forming ability. Cone calorimeter tests show that the total heat release (THR) of FR-PAN declines by 38.4%, while the peak heat release rate (PHRR) of FR-PAN decreases by 60.2%. Moreover, the total smoke production (TSP) and the peak smoke production rate (PSPR) of FR-PAN dropped from 1.5 m2 and 0.06 m2 s−1 for the control sample to 0.4 m2 and 0.01 m2 s−1, respectively, indicating excellent smoke repression performance. The LOI value of FR-PAN fabric was 29.3% after 30 washing cycles showing good washing resistance and excellent flame retardant durability.

Durable flame retardant polyacrylonitrile fabric via UV-induced grafting polymerization and surface chemical modification