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Clopidogrel is an oral, thienopyridine class antiplatelet agent used to inhibit blood clots in coronary arteries, peripheral vascular and cerebrovascular diseases. A spectrophotometric method was developed for clopidogrel bisulfate (CLOP·H 2 SO 4 ) determination using bromocresol green (BCG) as an ion-pairing agent. To explore the binding nature of CLOP·H 2 SO 4 with BCG at a molecular level, quantum chemical calculations have been performed. DFT based full geometry optimization has been carried out for BCG and clopidogrel in basic (CLOP) and protonated (CLOP + ) forms as well as for BCG ion-pairs with CLOP and CLOP·H 2 SO 4 . The DFT calculations referred to the stability of the BCG-CLOP + ion-pair and its spontaneous formation reaction from BCG and CLOP·H 2 SO 4 compared to the BCG-CLOP-ion-pair. Furthermore, the UV-visible spectra and their corresponding excited states and electronic transitions for BCG, BCG-CLOP + ion-pair, and BCG-CLOP ion-pair have been investigated. These spectra provided a molecular level understanding of the nature of the different intra-molecular and intermolecular electronic transitions in the BCG ion-pairs with CLOP + . Moreover, the quantitative analysis based on extracting a yellow-formed ion-pair into chloroform from aqueous medium was carried out. The ion-pair exhibits an absorption maximum at 413 nm. The optimum conditions of the reactions were studied experimentally and optimized. The calibration graph shows that CLOP·H 2 SO 4 can be determined up to 100.0 μg mL -1 with detection limit (LOD) of 0.57 μg mL -1 and quantification limit (LOQ) of 1.86 μg mL -1 . The low relative standard deviation values, 0.16-1.16, indicate good precision. The results were compared to other published data and were treated statistically using F and t -tests.

Exploring the nature of the clopidogrel–bromocresol green interactionviaspectrophotometric measurements and quantum chemical calculations