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Three fused polycyclic aryl fragments, namely, naphthyl, methoxynaphthyl, and pyrenyl have been used to construct blue-emissive phenanthroimidazole-functionalized target molecules, i.e. , 1-(2,3-dihydrobenzo[ b ][1,4]dioxin-6-yl)-2-(naphthalen-1-yl)-1 H -phenanthro[9,10- d ]imidazole (1), 1-(2,3-dihydrobenzo[ b ][1,4]dioxin-6-yl)-2-(1-methoxynaphthalen-4-yl)-1 H -phenanthro[9,10- d ]imidazole (2), and 1-(2,3-dihydrobenzo[ b ][1,4]dioxin-6-yl)-2-(pyren-10-yl)-1 H -phenanthro[9,10- d ]imidazole (3). The up-conversion of triplets to singlets via a triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) process is dominant in these compounds due to 2 E  T1 &gt; E  S1 . The pyrenyl dihydrobenzodioxin phenanthroimidazole (3)-based nondoped OLED exhibits blue emission (450 nm) with CIE (0.15, 0.14), a luminance of 53 890 cd m -2 , power efficiency of 5.86 lm W -1 , external quantum efficiency of 5.30%, and current efficiency of 6.90 cd A -1 . The efficient device performance of pyrenyl dihydrobenzodioxin phenanthroimidazole is due to the TTA contribution to the electroluminescent process.

Tailoring the molecular design of twisted dihydrobenzodioxin phenanthroimidazole derivatives for non-doped blue organic light-emitting devices