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A series of V 2 O 5 -WO 3 /TiO 2 catalysts with different vanadium loading amounts were prepared by an impregnation method and were characterized by XRD, Raman spectroscopy, XPS, DRIFTS, Py-DRIFTS, NH 3 -TPD, H 2 -TPR, etc. The results show that the catalytic activity is related to the ratio of V 4+ /V 5+ . The variation of the V 4+ /V 5+ ratio caused by the different dispersion states of vanadia oxide leads to changes in the surface acidity and redox properties of the catalysts. As the V 4+ /V 5+ ratio reaches the maximum value, the apparent activation energy ( E  a ) required to form the transition state on the Brønsted acid sites is the lowest. Artificial regulation of vanadium loading to properly increase V 4+ /V 5+ content may affect the interactions between V, W, O and Ti atoms, which enhances NH 3 -SCR reaction performance.

rsc advances

A relationship between the V4+/V5+ ratio and the surface dispersion, surface acidity, and redox performance of V2O5–WO3/TiO2 SCR catalysts