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Comparative optical, electroluminescence and theoretical studies were performed for ( E )-4'-(1-(4-(2-(1-(4-morpholinophenyl)-1 H -phenanthro[9,10- d ]imidazol-2-yl)vinyl)phenyl)-1 H -phenanthro[9,10- d ]imidazol-2-yl)- N , N -diphenyl-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-amine (SMPI-TPA) and ( E )-4-(4-(2-(4-(2-(4-(9 H -carbazol-9-yl)phenyl)-1 H -phenanthro[9,10- d ]imidazol-1-yl)styryl)-1 H -phenanthro[9,10- d ]imidazol-1-yl)phenyl)morpholine (SMPI-Cz). These compounds show excellent thermal properties, dual charge transport properties and form thin films under thermal evaporation. Blue OLEDs (CIE: 0.16, 0.08) based on SMPI-TPA show efficient device performance ( η  ex 6.1%; η  c 5.3 cd A -1 ; η  p 5.2 lm W -1 ) at low turn-on voltages. Both SMPI-TPA and SMPI-Cz were utilised as hosts for green OLEDs. The devices with SMPI-Cz (30 nm):5 wt% Ir(ppy) 3 exhibit maximum luminance of 20 725 cd m -2 , and η  c and η  p values of 61.4 cd A -1 and 63.8 lm W -1 , respectively. In comparison, devices with SMPI-TPA (30 nm):5 wt% Ir(ppy) 3 exhibit high η  c and η  p values of 65.2 cd A -1 and 67.1 lm W -1 , respectively. Maximum η  ex values of 19.6% and 23.4% were obtained from SMPI-TPA:Ir(ppy) 3 and SMPI-Cz:Ir(ppy) 3 , respectively. These device performances indicate that the phenanthroimidazole unit is a tunable building unit for efficient carrier injection and it may also be employed as a host for green OLEDs.

rsc advances

Efficient donor–acceptor host materials for green organic light-emitting devices: non-doped blue-emissive materials with dual charge transport properties