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A new cathode LiVPO 4 F/C with a high working voltage of around 4.2 V was synthesized by a novel one-step method. The color of the solution turns green, which implies that V 2 O 5 is successfully reduced to V 3+ . The reaction thermodynamics indicates that LiVPO 4 F/C is formed when the sintering temperature is higher than 650 °C, while the accompanying impurity phase Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 /C is also generated. The reaction kinetics proves that the reaction is third order and the activated energy is 208.9 kJ mol -1 . X-ray photoelectron spectra imply that the components of LiVPO 4 F/C prepared at 800 °C (LVPF800) are in their appropriate valence. LVPF800 is composed of micron secondary particles aggregating from nano subglobose. The structural transformation shows that the V : P : F ratio in LVPF800 is close to 1 : 1 : 1. The reason behind generation of impurity Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 at a high temperature of 850 °C is demonstrated directly, which is mainly due to the volatilization of VF 3 . The electrochemical performances of the cathode are related to the crystallite content of LiVPO 4 F/C and Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 /C. The specific capacities at 0.2 and 5C of LVPF800 are as high as 139.3 and 116.5 mA h g -1 . Electrochemical analysis reveals that LVPF800 possesses an excellent reversibility in the extraction and insertion process and minimum charge transfer resistance.

rsc advances

Chemical reaction characteristics, structural transformation and electrochemical performances of new cathode LiVPO<sub>4</sub>F/C synthesized by a novel one-step method for lithium ion batteries

Chemical reaction characteristics, structural transformation and electrochemical performances of new cathode LiVPO4F/C synthesized by a novel one-step method for lithium ion batteries

Chemical reaction characteristics, structural transformation and electrochemical performances of new cathode LiVPO₄F/C synthesized by a novel one-step method for lithium ion batteries