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Dense layers of overlapping three-dimensional (3D) gold nanodendritescharacterized by high specific surfaces as well as by abundance of sharp edgesand vertices creating high densities of SERS hotspots are promising substratesfor SERS-based sensing and catalysis. We have evaluated to what extentstructural features of 3D gold nanodendrite layers can be optimized by theinitiation of 3D gold nanodendrite growth at gold particles rationallypositioned on silicon wafers. For this purpose, galvanic displacement reactionsyielding 3D gold nanodendrites were guided by hexagonal arrays of parent goldparticles with a lattice constant of 1.5 micrometers obtained by solid-statedewetting of gold on topographically patterned silicon wafers. Initiation ofthe growth of dendritic features at edges of the gold particles resulted in theformation of 3D gold nanodendrites while limitation of dendritic growth to thesubstrate plane was prevented. The regular arrangement of the parent goldparticles supported the formation of dense layers of overlapping 3D goldnanodendrites that were sufficiently homogeneous within the resolution limitsof Raman microscopes. Consequently, SERS mapping experiments revealed areasonable degree of uniformity. The proposed preparation algorithm comprisesonly bottom-up process steps that can be carried out without use of costlyinstrumentation.

Evaluation of 3D gold nanodendrite layers obtained by templated galvanic displacement reactions for SERS sensing and heterogeneous catalysis