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Double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) combined the advantages ofmulti-walled (MW-) and single-walled (SW-) CNTs can be obtained by transformingthe precursors (e.g. fullerene, ferrocene) into thin inner CNTs inside SWCNTsas templates. However, this method is limited since the DWCNT yield is stronglyinfluenced by the filling efficiency (depending on the type of the filledmolecules), opening and cutting the SWCNTs, and the diameter of the hostSWCNTs. Therefore, it cannot be applied to all types of SWCNT templates. Herewe show a universal route to synthesize ultra-thin DWCNTs via making SWCNTsstable at high temperature in vacuum. This method applies to different types ofSWCNTs including metallicity-sorted ones without using any precursors since thecarbon sources were from the reconstructed SWCNTs and the residue carbons. Theresulting DWCNTs are with high quality and the yield of inner tubes iscomparable to/higher than that of the DWCNTs made from the transformation offerrocene/fullerene peapods.

Templated direct growth of ultra-thin double-walled carbon nanotubes