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We report on an XPS investigation of slow transient charge imbalance at the vacuum interface of an ionic liquid, by imposing a triangular electrical excitation to two gold electrodes having an ionic liquid in between. Intensity ratio of the two N 1s peaks of the anion and the cation undergoes a total difference of up to ∼20% as the IL is slowly electrified between −5 to +5 V.

XPS investigation of the vacuum interface of an ionic liquid under triangular electrical excitation for slow transients