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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a key role in regulating gene expression but can be associated with abnormalities linked to carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Hence there is increasing interest in developing methods to detect these non-coding RNA molecules in the human circulation system. Here, a novel FRET miRNA-195 targeting biosensor, based on silica nanofibers incorporated with rare earth-doped calcium fluoride particles (CaF 2 :Yb,Ho@SiO 2 ) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), is reported. The formation of a sandwich structure, as a result of co-hybridization of the target miRNA which is captured by oligonucleotides conjugated at the surface of CaF 2 :Yb,Ho@SiO 2 fibers and AuNPs, brings the nanofibers and AuNPs in close proximity and triggers the FRET effect. The intensity ratio of green to red emission, I 541 /I 650 , was found to decrease linearly upon increasing the concentration of the target miRNA and this can be utilized as a standard curve for quantitative determination of miRNA concentration. This assay offers a simple and convenient method for miRNA quantification, with the potential for rapid and early clinical diagnosis of diseases such as breast cancer.

Production of a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) biosensor membrane for microRNA detection