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Cellular membranes exhibit a large variety of shapes, strongly coupled totheir function. Many biological processes involve dynamic reshaping ofmembranes, usually mediated by proteins. This interaction works both ways:while proteins influence the membrane shape, the membrane shape affects theinteractions between the proteins. To study these membrane-mediatedinteractions on closed and anisotropically curved membranes, we use colloidsadhered to ellipsoidal membrane vesicles as a model system. We find that twoparticles on a closed system always attract each other, and tend to align withthe direction of largest curvature. Multiple particles form arcs, or, at largeenough numbers, a complete ring surrounding the vesicle in its equatorialplane. The resulting vesicle shape resembles a snowman. Our results indicatethat these physical interactions on membranes with anisotropic shapes can beexploited by cells to drive macromolecules to preferred regions of cellular orintracellular membranes, and utilized to initiate dynamic processes such ascell division. The same principle could be used to find the midplane of anartificial vesicle, as a first step towards dividing it into two equal parts.

Curvature variation controls particle aggregation on fluid vesicles