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This work presents the effect of different contents of graphene foam (GF) on the electrochemical capacitance of nickel phosphate Ni 3 (PO 4 ) 2 nano-rods as an electrode material for hybrid electrochemical energy storage device applications. Pristine Ni 3 (PO 4 ) 2 nano-rods and Ni 3 (PO 4 ) 2 /GF composites with different GF mass loadings of 30, 60, 90 and 120 mg were synthesised via a hydrothermal method. The electrochemical behavior of pristine Ni 3 (PO 4 ) 2 and Ni 3 (PO 4 ) 2 /GF composites were analysed in a three-electrode cell configuration using 6 M KOH electrolyte. The Ni 3 (PO 4 ) 2 /90 mg GF composite sample exhibited the highest specific capacity of 48 mA h g -1 at a current density of 0.5 A g -1 . The electrochemical behavior of the Ni 3 (PO 4 ) 2 /90 mg GF composite was further analysed in a two-electrode hybrid asymmetric device. A hybrid asymmetric device was fabricated with Ni 3 (PO 4 ) 2 /90 mg GF as the cathode and carbonized iron cations (Fe 3+ ) adsorbed onto polyaniline (PANI) (C-FP) as the anode material (Ni 3 (PO 4 ) 2 /90 mg GF//C-FP) and tested in a wide potential window range of 0.0-1.6 V using 6 M KOH. This hybrid device achieved maximum energy and power densities of 49 W h kg -1 and 499 W kg -1 , respectively, at 0.5 A g -1 and had long-term cycling stability.

rsc advances

A high energy density asymmetric supercapacitor utilizing a nickel phosphate/graphene foam composite as the cathode and carbonized iron cations adsorbed onto polyaniline as the anode