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An intriguing athermal uniform elongation and accelerated radial shrinkage inamorphous SiOx nanowire (a-SiOx NW) as purely induced by uniform electron beam(e-beam) irradiation were in-situ investigated in transmission electronmicroscope. It was observed that at room temperature the straight and uniforma-SiOx NW demonstrated a uniform plastic elongation (without any externaltensile pulling) and a corresponding uniform radial shrinkage. According to anew model taking into account the NW nanocurvature over its surface as well asthe beam-induced athermal activation, a kinetic relationship between theshrinking radius and the irradiation time was established. The fitting resultsdemonstrated that a curvature-dependent surface energy at the nanoscale(so-called nanocurvature effect) much higher than that predicted from theexisting theories is exerted on the elongation and shrinkage of the NW. At thesame time, the so-induced plastic flow of massive atom and surface diffusion ofatom presented as well a further direct experimental evidence for our predictedsoft mode and instability of atomic vibration as induced under energetic beam(including e-beam) irradiation in amorphous materials The study has importantimplications for the nanoprocessing or nanostability of future NW-basedstructures or devices. More importantly, it further demonstrates that thenanocurvature effect and the beam-induced atomic vibration soft mode andinstability effect, which have been normally neglected or inadequately takeninto account in the current literature, are universal concepts and applicableto explanation of energetic beam-induced nanoinstability or nanoprocessing oflow dimensional nanostructure in general.

Intriguing uniform elongation and accelerated radial shrinkage in amorphous SiOx nanowire as purely induced by uniform electron beam irradiation