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In this investigation, fluidized bed crystallization (FBC) is utilized to treat phosphorus wastewater that is produced by the manufacture of thin film transistor-liquid crystal displays (TFT-LCD). TFT-LCD wastewater contains 500 ± 10 ppm phosphorus. The pH and molar ratio of Fe/P for removing phosphorus was initially examined by performing a jar-test. The parameters of the FBC – effluent pHe, Fe/P ratio and the upflow velocity (m h−1) – were tested to recover phosphorus from wastewater as ferrous phosphate pellets, characterized using an X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and silica sand was used as the seed material. The experimental results revealed that the control of effluent pHe was an essential parameter in maximizing the phosphorous removal (PR%) and crystallization ratio (CR%). At pHe 5–6, the supersaturation of phosphate precipitation by conditioning the molar ratio of Fe/P to 1.5 and the upflow rate was adjusted within the range of 30.56–68.76 m h−1 in the metastable zone at a cross-section loading of 0.72 kg per P per h per m2, leading to a phosphorus removal (PR) of 95% and a crystallization ratio (CR) of 63%. Under optimal hydraulic conditions, the treatment of real wastewater in a FBC process was viable by converting the pollutant into crystals with a high-purity phase of vivianite (Fe3(PO4)2·8H2O).

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Phosphorus recovery as ferrous phosphate (vivianite) from wastewater produced in manufacture of thin film transistor-liquid crystal displays (TFT-LCD) by a fluidized bed crystallizer (FBC)