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In order to study the influence of Mn doping on the electrical properties of PIN–PT single crystals and develop the materials for high power applications, relaxor-based 0.68Pb(In0.5Nb0.5)O3–0.32Pb(Ti0.92Mn0.08)O3 (Mn-PIN–PT) ferroelectric single crystals with pseudo-cubic symmetry were grown via the conventional flux method. The Mn-PIN–PT crystals have a Curie temperature (TC) of 231 °C and ferroelectric phase transition (TMPB) of 175 °C. Relaxor behavior is identified by the frequency dispersion in dielectric spectra. The piezoelectric coefficient and longitudinal electromechanical coupling factor (k33) are 730 pC N−1 and 80% at room temperature, respectively. The temperature coefficient of k33 is 1.6%, showing good stability up to 180 °C. The ferroelectric properties were measured at different electric fields, showing well-shaped hysteresis loops above 20 kV cm−1. The variation of remnant polarization (Pr), coercive field (EC) and internal bias field (Ei) as a function of temperature was investigated. The Curie temperature and ferroelectric phase transition temperature were decreased and increased, respectively, due to Mn doping, and a typical hard doping effect was confirmed via ferroelectric, dielectric and piezoelectric characterization.

rsc advances

Influence of Mn dopants on the electrical properties of Pb(In0.5Nb0.5)O3–PbTiO3 ferroelectric single crystals