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Graphene oxide (GO) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) were incorporated into a SiOC composite ceramic matrix using a simple roll-mixing method followed by thermal cross-linking and pyrolysis. The structure, morphology, porosity, surface characteristics, and thermal properties of polysiloxane are analysed using scanning electron microscopy, BET specific surface area, mercury intrusion porosimetry, water vapour and n-heptane adsorption, and Raman spectroscopy, respectively. The electrical conductivity, conduction mechanism, and percolation behavior of the composite ceramics are investigated by electrical impedance spectroscopy in the temperature range of 25–250 °C. Free-rising composite ceramic foams are generated, incorporating both nanofillers into the SiOC ceramic matrix. Both nanofillers show a positive effect on the thermal stability of the SiOC ceramics. The room temperature DC conductivity value of pure SiOC ceramics shows ∼2.97 × 10−9 S cm−1, which increases by three to four orders of magnitude after the incorporation of 5 wt% conductive nanofillers (∼2.5 × 10−6 S cm−1 for 5 wt% GO and ∼2.08 × 10−5 S cm−1 for 5 wt% MWCNT). The calculated activation energy from the Arrhenius plot for composite ceramics is found to be lower (0.10 eV for 5 wt% GO and 0.07 eV for 5 wt% MWCNT) compared to the same SiOC ceramics without nanofillers (0.22 eV). The conduction mechanism studies of composite ceramics suggest a non-Debye type distribution of relaxation in SiOC. Thus the nanofiller-enhanced SiOC ceramics are highly promising materials for rechargeable batteries, high-temperature fuel cells, gas sensors, display devices etc.

rsc advances

The influence of carbon nanotubes and graphene oxide sheets on the morphology, porosity, surface characteristics and thermal and electrical properties of polysiloxane derived ceramics