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Studies have shown that following exposure to particulate matter, theultrafine fraction (< 100 nm) may deposit along the respiratory tract down tothe alveolar region. To assess the effects of nanoparticles in the lungs, it isessential to address the question of their biophysicochemical interaction withthe different pulmonary environments, including the lung lining fluids and theepithelia. Here we examine one of these interactive scenarios and study therole of supported lipid bilayers (SLB) on the fate of 40 nm fluorescent silicaparticles towards living cells. We first study the particle phase behavior inpresence of Curosurf, a pulmonary surfactant substitute used in replacementtherapies. It is found that Curosurf vesicles interact strongly with thenanoparticles, but do not spontaneously form SLBs. To achieve this goal, we usesonication to reshape the vesicular membranes and induce the lipid fusionaround the particles. Centrifugal sedimentation and electron microscopy arecarried out to determine the optimum coating conditions and layer thickness. Wethen explore the impact of surfactant SLBs on the cytotoxic potential andinteractions towards a malignant epithelial cell line. All in vitro assaysindicate that SLBs mitigate the particle toxicity and internalization rates. Inthe cytoplasm, the particle localization is also strongly coating dependent. Itis concluded that SLBs profoundly affect cellular interactions and functions invitro and could represent an alternative strategy for particle coating. Thecurrent data also shed some light on potential mechanisms pertaining to theparticle or pathogen transport through the air-blood barrier.

Supported pulmonary surfactant bilayers on silica nanoparticles: Formulation, stability and impact on lung epithelial cells