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This work demonstrates a bioenabled fully aqueous phase and room temperature route to the synthesis of CuInS 2 /ZnS core/shell quantum confined nanocrystals conjugated to IgG antibodies and used for fluorescent tagging of THP-1 leukemia cells. This elegant, straightforward and green approach avoids the use of solvents, high temperatures and the necessity to phase transfer the nanocrystals prior to application. Non-toxic CuInS 2 , (CuInZn)S 2 , and CuInS 2 /ZnS core/shell quantum confined nanocrystals are synthesized via a biomineralization process based on a single recombinant cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) enzyme. First, soluble In-S complexes are formed from indium acetate and H 2 S generated by CSE, which are then stabilized by l-cysteine in solution. The subsequent addition of copper, or both copper and zinc, precursors then results in the immediate formation of CuInS 2 or (CuInZn)S 2 quantum dots. Shell growth is realized through subsequent introduction of Zn acetate to the preformed core nanocrystals. The size and optical properties of the nanocrystals are tuned by adjusting the indium precursor concentration and initial incubation period. CuInS 2 /ZnS core/shell particles are conjugated to IgG antibodies using EDC/NHS cross-linkers and then applied in the bioimaging of THP-1 cells. Cytotoxicity tests confirm that CuInS 2 /ZnS core/shell quantum dots do not cause cell death during bioimaging. Thus, this biomineralization enabled approach provides a facile, low temperature route for the fully aqueous synthesis of non-toxic CuInS 2 /ZnS quantum dots, which are ideal for use in bioimaging applications.

Enzymatic biomineralization of biocompatible CuInS2, (CuInZn)S2and CuInS2/ZnS core/shell nanocrystals for bioimaging

Enzymatic biomineralization of biocompatible CuInS₂, (CuInZn)S₂and CuInS₂/ZnS core/shell nanocrystals for bioimaging