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Microfluidics is an established multidisciplinary research domain withwidespread applications in the fields of medicine, biotechnology andengineering. Conventional production methods of microfluidic chips have beenlimited to planar structures, preventing the exploitation of trulythree-dimensional architectures for applications such as multi-phase dropletpreparation or wet-phase fibre spinning. Here the challenge of nanofabricationinside a microfluidic chip is tackled for the showcase of a spider-inspiredspinneret. Multiphoton lithography, an additive manufacturing method, was usedto produce free-form microfluidic masters, subsequently replicated by softlithography. Into the resulting microfluidic device, a threedimensionalspider-inspired spinneret was directly fabricated in-chip via multiphotonlithography. Applying this unprecedented fabrication strategy, the to datesmallest printed spinneret nozzle is produced. This spinneret resides tightlysealed, connecting it to the macroscopic world. Its functionality isdemonstrated by wet-spinning of single-digit micron fibres through apolyacrylonitrile coagulation process induced by a water sheath layer. Themethodology developed here demonstrates fabrication strategies to interfacecomplex architectures into classical microfluidic platforms. Using multiphotonlithography for in-chip fabrication adopts a high spatial resolution technologyfor improving geometry and thus flow control inside microfluidic chips. Theshowcased fabrication methodology is generic and will be applicable to multiplechallenges in fluid control and beyond.

3D Nanofabrication inside rapid prototyped microfluidic channels showcased by wet-spinning of single micrometre fibres