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By utilizing efficient persistent energy transfer from Ce3+ to Er3+, we have successfully developed a novel garnet persistent phosphor of Y3Al2Ga3O12 doped with Er3+, Ce3+, Cr3+ ions (YAGG:Er–Ce–Cr) exhibiting long (>10 h) near-infrared (NIR) persistent luminescence (PersL) in the broad range from 1450 nm to 1670 nm due to the typical Er3+:4I13/2 → 4I15/2 transition in garnet. The NIR PersL bands of Er3+ match well with the third bio-imaging window (NIR-III, approximately from 1500 nm to 1800 nm) and the response curve of InGaAs detectors. The photon emission rate (8.33 × 1017 cps Sr−1 m−2) of the YAGG:Er–Ce–Cr persistent phosphor at 10 min after ceasing blue light illumination was over two times higher than that of the widely used ZnGa2O4:Cr3+ deep-red persistent phosphor (3.30 × 1017 cps Sr−1 m−2). We also show the first PersL imaging by a commercial InGaAs camera monitoring Er3+ emission indicating that this material can be a promising candidate for in vivo bio-imaging in the NIR-III window.

Near-infrared long persistent luminescence of Er3+ in garnet for the third bio-imaging window

Near-infrared long persistent luminescence of Er³⁺ in garnet for the third bio-imaging window