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Hematite (α-Fe 2 O 3 ) is a promising candidate for solar-to-hydrogen energy conversion. However, the low carrier mobility and extremely high charge recombination rate limit the practical application of hematite in solar water splitting. This paper describes the fabrication of a Fe 2 O 3 photoanode with gradient incorporation of phosphorus (P) employing a facile dipping and annealing method to improve the charge separation for enhanced photoelectrochemical water oxidation. This gradient P incorporation increases the width of band bending over a large region in Fe 2 O 3 , which is crucial for promoting the charge separation efficiency in the bulk. Although both gradient and homogeneous P-incorporated Fe 2 O 3 samples exhibit similar electrical conductivity, the Fe 2 O 3 electrode with a gradient P concentration presents an additional charge separation effect. A photocurrent of ∼1.48 mA cm -2 is obtained at 1.23 V vs . reversible hydrogen electrode ( vs. RHE) under air mass 1.5G illumination. Additionally, the H 2 O oxidation kinetics of Fe 2 O 3 with gradient P incorporation was further improved upon loading cobalt phosphate as cocatalyst, reaching a photocurrent of ∼2.0 mA cm -2 at 1.23 V vs. RHE.

Gradient doping of phosphorus in Fe2O3 nanoarray photoanodes for enhanced charge separation

Gradient doping of phosphorus in Fe₂O₃ nanoarray photoanodes for enhanced charge separation