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A family of cis -macrocyclic diphosphines was prepared in just three steps from white phosphorus and commercial materials using a modular synthetic approach. Alkylation of bicyclic diphosphane 3,4,8,9-tetramethyl-1,6-diphosphabicyclo(4.4.0)deca-3,8-diene, or P 2 (dmb) 2 , produced phosphino-phosphonium salts [R-P 2 (dmb) 2 ]X, where R is methyl, benzyl and isobutyl, in yields of 90-96%. Treatment of these salts with organolithium or Grignard reagents yielded symmetric and unsymmetric macrocyclic diphosphines of the form cis -1-R-6-R'-3,4,8,9-tetramethyl-2,5,7,10-tetrahydro-1,6-DiPhospheCine, or R,R'-DPC, in which R' is methyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl or mesityl, in yields of 46-94%. Alternatively, symmetric diphosphine Cy 2 -DPC was synthesized in 74% yield from the dichlorodiphosphine Cl 2 P 2 (dmb) 2 . As a first application, these cis -macrocyclic diphosphines were used as ligands in the nickel-catalyzed synthesis of acrylate from CO 2 and ethylene, for which they showed promising catalytic activity.

A family of cis-macrocyclic diphosphines: modular, stereoselective synthesis and application in catalytic CO2/ethylene coupling

A family of cis-macrocyclic diphosphines: modular, stereoselective synthesis and application in catalytic CO₂/ethylene coupling