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Cobalt oxides, typically Co3O4, have received considerable attention due to their high theoretical capacity as anode materials for Li-ion batteries. However, their poor electron conductivity and large volume change upon the insertion/removal of Li+ ions limit their practical application. Carbon coating is widely used to improve the electrochemical performance of materials and release the strain during the lithiation/delithiation processes, in which the thickness of the coating carbon shell has a vital role in determining the performance of the material. In this study, Co3O4 nanoparticles coated with a thin carbon shell are obtained from the metal–organic framework (MOF) precursor Co-MOF-74 via a sequential two-step carbonization process, where carbon oxides, e.g., CO2, are used as the oxidation atmosphere in the second step. The carbon content and shell thickness are controlled by changing the calcination time. The electrode containing a certain carbon content (3.17 wt%) exhibits a capacity of 1137 mA h g−1 after 100 cycles tested at 100 mA g−1 between 0.005 and 3.0 V. This enhanced electrochemical performance is attributed to the well-dispersed nanosized Co3O4 particles and thin carbon shell coating on the electrode surface, which shorten the Li+ ion diffusion length and enhance the electron conductivity of the hybrid.

rsc advances

Fabrication of Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles in thin porous carbon shells from metal–organic frameworks for enhanced electrochemical performance

Fabrication of Co3O4 nanoparticles in thin porous carbon shells from metal–organic frameworks for enhanced electrochemical performance

Fabrication of Co₃O₄ nanoparticles in thin porous carbon shells from metal–organic frameworks for enhanced electrochemical performance