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Mg–Al catalysts were adopted in the direct synthesis of 1,3-butadiene and other bulk chemicals from bioethanol. The influence of MgO content and sample calcination temperature on the catalytic performance was investigated. The optimization of reaction conditions for 1,3-butadiene, ethylene and 1-butanol, including reaction temperatures and the feed rate of ethanol, was also carried out. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, nitrogen sorption, SEM, NH3-TPD, CO2-TPD and FTIR of adsorbed pyridine. On the basis of these analysis results and catalytic performance of yielding 1,3-butadiene, both the MgO content and the calcination temperature play a great role on the nature of acid and basic sites, then the proper active sites for producing 1,3-butadiene and other important chemicals such as ethylene and 1-butanol have been elaborated. The balance of moderate acid–basic sites is crucial to production of 1,3-butadiene from ethanol. Ethylene is obtained on strong acid and strong basic sites. 1-Butanol tends to form on the strong basic sites. To further improve the target product selectivity, modifiers adjusting the balance of acidity–basicity need to be involved in the Mg–Al catalysts.

Investigation into 1,3-butadiene and other bulk chemicals' formation from bioethanol over Mg–Al catalysts