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The delivery of therapeutic ions, as a key element for the regeneration of soft tissue, represents a viable alternative to conventional drugs. Primarily designed for the regeneration of hard tissue, degradable bioactive inorganic matrices are a carrier of choice for the delivery of ionic chemical cues. However, they nucleate calcium-phosphate crystal on their surface, which could be undesired for most soft tissue regeneration. Here, a coaxial electrospinning process was engineered, generating core–shell fibres with inorganic particles enclosed within a bio-inert polymeric shell. Silicon doped vaterite (SiV) dispersed in poly(L-lactic acid) was selected as an inorganic composite core and poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) as a shell. By careful selection of the electrospinning parameters, fibres of constant diameter (≈10 μm) with controllable shell thickness (from 1.3 to 4.2 μm) were obtained. The release of calcium and silica followed the Weibull model, showing a purely diffusive release after hydration of the PLGA layer. The rate of release could be controlled with the shell thickness. The nucleation of calcium-phosphate crystals was inhibited. In addition, with the presence of a PLGA shell layer, the mechanical properties of the fibermats were greatly improved with, for instance, an increase of the Young's modulus up to 536% as compared to original composite. These non-woven porous materials are an affordable investigation platform to study the effect of local ionic release onto the surrounding cell metabolism

rsc advances

Tailoring the delivery of therapeutic ions from bioactive scaffolds while inhibiting their apatite nucleation: a coaxial electrospinning strategy for soft tissue regeneration