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A new facile approach, namely chemical-assisted sol-gel growth (CASGG), was successfully developed to induce the formation of fine CaF 2 :Yb 3+ , Tm 3+ nanocrytals within the pore channels of mesoporous silica (mSiO 2 ) nanoparticles. A series of upconversion photoluminescent crystalline CaF 2 :Yb 3+ ,Tm 3+ @mSiO 2 nanospheres with controlled diameters from ~ 65 nm to ~ 290 nm were fabricated. All nanospheres presented sound cyto-compatibility and unique ratiometric spectral monitoring functionalities for drug release kinetics. The nanospheres with smallest dimension (UCNP-2.5, ~ 65nm) induced the most sustained DOX release kinetics. More importantly, the in-vitro study demonstrated that the DOX loaded UCNP-2.5 nanopheres presented the strongest anti-cancer efficacy to MCF-7 human breast cancer cells due to its stronger penetration ability to cell nuclei due to the size effect.

A facile approach to upconversion crystalline CaF2:Yb3+,Tm3+@mSiO2 nanospheres for tumor therapy

A facile approach to upconversion crystalline CaF₂:Yb³⁺,Tm³⁺@mSiO₂ nanospheres for tumor therapy