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peer-reviewedWe report the effect of surface modification of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) by an ionic liquid,\ud1-ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl). An apparent physical (cation-π/π-π)\udinteraction between the ionic liquid and MWCNTs was revealed by Raman and UV-visible\udspectroscopies. The composite loaded with 10 phr MWCNTs exhibits impressive enhancements in tensile\udstrength (381% increase), hardness (34% increase), and abrasion resistance. High electrical conductivity\udwas also achieved at MWCNT loading levels beyond 3 phr loading, with a low percolation threshold\ud(0.023 vol%) for the composites. The microstructural development of conductive networks and uniform\uddispersion of MWCNTs in the presence of ionic liquid were analysed by TEM and AFM. The\udexperimentally observed mechanical and electrical properties have been compared with theoretical\udpredictions, and confirm that the dramatic improvement in mechanics and electrical conductivity is the\udoutcome of the extremely fine dispersion, the strong secondary network of MWCNTs and improved\udinteraction at the interface via thermodynamically-induced adsorption and physical interlocking of\udpolymer chains in the nanoscopic MWCNT structure. This study demonstrates a simplified and ecofriendly\udapproach to develop multifunctional advanced materials based on ionic liquid modified MWCNT\udelastomer composites with a much better balance among mechanical properties, conductivity and filler\udcontent

rsc advances

Developing highly conducting and mechanically durable styrene butadiene rubber composites with tailored microstructural properties by a green approach using ionic liquid modified MWCNTs