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The water-solubilisation of porphyrin derivatives is very important for biological applications. Although liposomal drug carriers for porphyrin derivatives have shown significant promise in the field of medicinal chemistry (e.g., as sensitisers for photodynamic therapy), it is currently not possible to prepare lipid-membrane-incorporated tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) with a high concentration of TPP using conventional methods. In this study, we have succeeded in preparing lipid-membrane-incorporated TPP and zinc(II) tetraphenylporphyrin (ZnTPP) from the corresponding TPP or ZnTPP·cyclodextrin complex using the exchange method in lipid-membranes composed of liposomes. Furthermore, the exchange method allowed for the incorporation of TPP or ZnTPP into the plasma membranes of HeLa cells. However, it was not possible to prepare lipid-membrane-incorporated porphyrin derivatives with polar and hydrophilic groups in the meso positions using this exchange reaction.

Porphyrin-uptake in liposomes and living cells using an exchange method with cyclodextrin