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Ultrafine sub-5 nm magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles coated with oligosaccharides (SIO) with dual T 1 -T 2 weighted contrast enhancing effect and fast clearance has been developed as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent. Excellent water solubility, biocompatibility and high stability of such sub-5 nm SIO nanoparticles were achieved by using the " in-situ polymerization" coating method, which enables glucose forming oligosaccharides directly on the surface of hydrophobic iron oxide nanocrystals. Reported ultrafine SIO nanoparticles exhibit a longitudinal relaxivity (r 1 ) of 4.1 mM -1 s -1 and a r 1 /r 2 ratio of 0.25 at 3 T (clinical field strength), rendering improved T 1 or "brighter" contrast enhancement in T 1 -weighted MRI in addition to typical T 2 or "darkening" contrast of conventional iron oxide nanoparticles. Such dual contrast effect can be demonstrated in liver imaging with T 2 "darkening" contrast in the liver parenchyma but T 1 "bright" contrast in the hepatic vasculature. More importantly, this new class of ultrafine sub-5 nm iron oxide nanoparticles showed much faster body clearance than those with larger sizes, promising better safety for clinical applications.

Facile non-hydrothermal synthesis of oligosaccharide coated sub-5 nm magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles with dual MRI contrast enhancement effects