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Silica-collagen type I nanocomposite hydrogels are evaluated as medicated dressings to prevent infection in chronic wounds. Two antibiotics, gentamicin and rifamycin, are encapsulated in a single step within plain silica nanoparticles. Their antimicrobial efficiency against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus is assessed. Gentamycin-loaded 500 nm particles can be immobilized at high silica dose in concentrated collagen hydrogels without modifying their fibrillar structure or impacting on their rheological behavior and increases their proteolytic stability. Gentamicin release from the nanocomposites is sustained over 7 days, offering an unparalleled prolonged antibacterial activity. Particle immobilization also decreases their cytotoxicity towards surface-seeded fibroblast cells. Rifamycin-loaded 100 nm particles significantly alter the collagen hydrogel structure at high silica doses. The thus-obtained nanocomposites show no antibacterial efficiency, due to strong adsorption of rifamycin on collagen fibers. The complex interplay of interactions between drugs, silica and collagen is a key factor regulating the properties of these composite hydrogels as antibiotic-delivering biological dressings and must be taken into account for future extension to other wound healing agents.

Antibiotic-loaded silica nanoparticle–collagen composite hydrogels with prolonged antimicrobial activity for wound infection prevention