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Tree frogs are able take advantage of an interconnected network of epithelialcells in their toe pads to modulate their adhesion to surfaces under dry, wet,and flooded environments. It has been hypothesized that these interconnecteddrainage channels reduce the hydrodynamic repulsion to facilitate contact undera completely submerged environment (flooded conditions). Using a custom-builtapparatus we investigate the interplay between surface structure and loadingconditions on the peeling force. By combining a normal approach and detachmentby peeling we can isolate the effects of surface structure from the loadingconditions. We investigate three surfaces: two rigid structured surfaces thatconsist of arrays of cylindrical posts and a flat surface as a control. Weobserve three regimes in the work required to separate the structured surfacethat depend on the fluid film thickness prior to pull out. These three regimesare based on hydrodynamics and our experimental results agree with a simplescaling argument that relates the surface features to the different regimesobserved. Overall we find that the work of separation of a structured surfaceis always less than or equal to the one for a smooth surface when consideringpurely viscous contributions.

Coupled effects of applied load and surface structure on the viscous forces during peeling