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Due to their graphene-like properties after oxygen reduction, incorporationof graphene oxide (GO) sheets into correlated-electron materials offers a newpathway for tailoring their properties. Fabricating GO nanocomposites withpolycrystalline MgB2 superconductors leads to an order of magnitude enhancementof the supercurrent at 5 K/8 T and 20 K/4 T. Herein, we introduce a novelexperimental approach to overcome the formidable challenge of performingquantitative microscopy and microanalysis of such composites, so as to unveilhow GO doping influences the structure and hence the material properties. Atomprobe microscopy and electron microscopy were used to directly image the GOwithin the MgB2, and we combined these data with computational simulations toderive the property-enhancing mechanisms. Our results reveal synergetic effectsof GO, namely, via localized atomic (carbon and oxygen) doping as well astexturing of the crystals, which provide both inter and intra granular fluxpinning. This study opens up new insights into how low-dimensionalnanostructures can be integrated into composites to modify the overallproperties, using a methodology amenable to a wide range of applications.

On the roles of graphene oxide doping for enhanced supercurrent in MgB2 based superconductors