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Recently, dual-ion cells based on the anion intercalation into a graphite positive electrode have been proposed as electrochemical energy storage devices. For this technology, in particular electrolytes which display a high stability vs. oxidation are required due to the very high operation potentials of the cathode, which may exceed 5 V vs. Li/Li+. In this work, we present highly promising results for the use of graphite as both the anode and cathode material in a so-called “dual-graphite” or “dual-carbon” cell. A major goal for this system is to find suitable electrolyte mixtures which exhibit not only a high oxidative stability at the cathode but also form a stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) at the graphite anode. As an electrolyte system, the ionic liquid-based electrolyte mixture Pyr14TFSI-LiTFSI is used in combination with the SEI-forming additive ethylene sulfite (ES) which allows stable and highly reversible Li+ ion and TFSI− anion intercalation/de-intercalation into/from the graphite anode and cathode, respectively. By addition of ES, also the discharge capacity for the anion intercalation can be remarkably increased from 50 mA h g−1 to 97 mA h g−1. X-ray diffraction studies of the anion intercalation into graphite are conducted in order to understand the influence of the electrolyte additive on the graphite structure and on the cell performance.

Dual-graphite cells based on the reversible intercalation of bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide anions from an ionic liquid electrolyte