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Versatile binding features of ortho-dihydroxyphenyl groups ubiquitously found in mussel adhesive proteins are inducible with polyphenolic moieties that are widespread in the plant kingdom, strongly supporting the idea that previously reported mussel-related material-independent adhesion is reproducible with plant-derived phenolics. Here, we directly demonstrate that material-independent coating action can be achieved by in vitro laccase-catalyzed polymerization of plant phenols. Deposition rates of polymeric products onto solid surfaces are superior to that of polydopamine, the known mussel-derived coating agent. The coated surfaces are robust against strong acid and salt. In addition, FTIR-ATR and analyses of bactericidal action, phenol content, charge-dependent sorption behavior, and free radical scavenging activity strongly indicate that the coating agents are structurally multiple hydroxyphenyl group-bearing polyaromatics. We finally demonstrate that hydroxyphenyl group bearing polymers act as either conjugation sites for proteins or chelating/reduction sites for metal ions, and also that co-deposition of functional organics during the enzymatic polymerization of plant phenols is feasible. Both immobilization results strongly suggest that coated layers by our products can lead to further surface functionalization.

Enzymatic polymerization of plant-derived phenols for material-independent and multifunctional coating