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The piezoelectric effect in poly(vinylidene fluoride), PVDF, was discovered over four decades ago and since\udthen, significant work has been carried out aiming at the production of high β-phase fibres and their\udintegration into fabric structures for energy harvesting. However, little work has been done in the area of\udproduction of “true piezoelectric fabric structures” based on flexible polymeric materials such as PVDF. In\udthis work, we demonstrate “3D spacer” technology based all-fibre piezoelectric fabrics as power\udgenerators and energy harvesters. The knitted single-structure piezoelectric generator consists of high\ud̃β-phase ( ̴80%) piezoelectric PVDF monofilaments as the spacer yarn interconnected between silver\ud(Ag) coated polyamide multifilament yarn layers acting as the top and bottom electrodes. The novel and\udunique textile structure provides an output power density in the range of 1.10–5.10 µW cm-2 at applied\udimpact pressures in the range of 0.02–0.10 MPa, thus providing significantly higher power outputs and\udefficiencies over the existing 2D woven and nonwoven piezoelectric structures. The high energy\udefficiency, mechanical durability and comfort of the soft, flexible and all-fibre based power generator are\udhighly attractive for a variety of potential applications such as wearable electronic systems and energy\udharvesters charged from the ambient environment or by human movement

Novel “3-D spacer” all fibre piezoelectric textiles for energy harvesting applications